Human Anatomy Lab

Skeletal Landmarks

Vertebral Column (26)

1) Cervical vertebrae (7)

-C1 = atlas

-C2 = axis

2) Thoracic (12)

3) Lumbar vertebrae (5)

4) Sacrum

5) Coccyx

Vertebral Landmarks:

a. general:

-body

-pedicle

-transverse process

-superior articular process

-superior articular facet

-lamina

-spinous process

-vertebral foramen

-inferior articular process

-inferior articular facet

-lateral mass

-intervertebral foramen

b. special:

-bifid spinous process (C2-C5)

-dens on axis

-facet for articular portion of rib

-transverse foramen

c. sacral:

-anterior sacral foramina

-posterior sacral foramina

-lateral sacral crests

-medial sacral crest

Thorax:

Sternum:

• body
• manubrium
• xiphoid process
• jugular notch
• clavicular notches

Ribs (12):

• ribs 1 – 7 (true ribs)
• ribs 8 - 10 (false ribs)
• ribs 11 & 12 (floating ribs)

landmarks:

• head
• body
• neck
• tubercle

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Inner Ear Bones (6):

• Malleus (2) – hammer
• Incus (2) – anvil
• Stapes (2) – stirrup

APPENDICULAR SKELETON (126):

Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle:

Clavicle (2; collar bone):

• sternal extremity
• acromial extremity
• acromioclavicular joint
• conoid tubercle (ligament)
• costal tuberosity (ligament)

Scapula (2; shoulder blades):

• spine
• acromion
• glenoid cavity
• medial (vertebral) border
• lateral border
• inferior angle
• superior border
• superior angle
• scapular notch
• coracoid process
• supraspinous fossa
• infraspinous fossa
• subscapular fossa

Upper Extremities:

Humerus (2)

• head
• neck
• greater tubercle
• lesser tubercle
• intertuburcular sulcus
• body
• deltoid tuberosity
• capitulum
• radial fossa
• trochlea
• coronoid fossa
• olecranon fossa
• medial epicondyle
• lateral epicondyle